Electrochemical technologies offer a powerful and versatile approach to wastewater treatment by leveraging redox reactions at electrode interfaces. Techniques like electrocoagulation and electrochemical oxidation effectively remove a wide range of pollutants, including persistent organics and heavy metals, often with reduced chemical consumption and lower sludge volumes compared to conventional methods. While offering significant advantages in terms of efficiency and environmental compatibility, challenges related to energy consumption and electrode longevity must be addressed for broader implementation. Emerging technologies like microbial fuel cells further enhance sustainability by simultaneously treating wastewater and generating energy. Continued research is focused on optimizing electrode materials, reactor design, and energy efficiency to make these technologies more cost-effective and scalable for various wastewater streams.